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Arabic numerals
Arabic numerals or Hindu-Arabic or Indo-Arabic numerals,〔; ''"Fibonacci, in a book of 1202, brought the Indo-Arabic numerals, with their zero cypher and decimal point, into European culture."; "... these characters are more appropriately called at least'' Indo-Arabic ''numerals."''〕 are the ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, based on the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, the most common system for the symbolic representation of numbers in the world today.
The first true zero was developed by ancient mathematicians in the Indian Subcontinent. Arabic numerals are used to represent numbers in this Hindu-Arabic numeral system,〔 in which a sequence of digits such as "975" is read as a single number. This system was adopted by the Persian and Arab mathematicians in India, and passed on to the Arabs further west. There is some evidence which suggests that the numerals in their current form developed from Arabic letters in the western regions of the Arab World.〔(On the Origin of Arabic Numerals ) - A. Boucenna - Université Ferhat Abbas Setif 〕 The current form of the numerals developed in North Africa, distinct in form from the Indian and eastern Arabic numerals. It was in the North African city of Bejaia that the Italian scholar Fibonacci first encountered the numerals; his work was crucial in making them known throughout Europe, and then further to the Europeans who spread it worldwide. The use of Arabic numerals spread around the world through European trade, books and colonialism.
In English, the term ''Arabic numerals'' can be ambiguous. It most commonly refers to the numeral system widely used in Europe and the Americas; to avoid confusion, Unicode calls these ''European digits''. ''Arabic numerals'' is also the conventional name for the entire family of related systems of Arabic and Indian numerals. It may also be intended to mean the numerals used by Arabs, in which case it generally refers to the Eastern Arabic numerals.
Although the phrase "Arabic numeral" is frequently capitalized, it is sometimes written in lower case: for instance, in its entry in the Oxford English dictionary.〔"Arabic", ''Oxford English Dictionary'', 2nd edition〕 This helps distinguish it from "''Arabic numerals''" as the East Arabic numerals specific to the Arabs.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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